Al-ʻUzzā

No preserved pre-Islamic birth-myth for al-ʻUzzā survives in the supplied sources. Later exegetical commentary recorded in Islamic tradition (e.g., at-Tabarī citing ʿAbdullāh ibn ʿAbbās) links her name to the epithet al-ʿAzīz ('the Mighty') from Qurʾanic theonyms, but this is a medieval interpretive derivation rather than an attested pre-Islamic origin account.

The supplied sources preserve no consistent, reliable pre-Islamic iconography. Tradition records a stone cube at Nakhlah and three sacred trees as cult foci. A late medieval narrative in Ibn al-Kalbī's Kitāb al-Aṣnām describes a dramatic apparition of 'a woman with wild hair' at Nakhlah during the reported destruction of the shrine, but that specific visual episode is attested only in Ibn al-Kalbī and is treated as uncertain by later commentators and modern scholarship.

Surviving accounts present al-ʻUzzā primarily in cultic terms: an object of invocation for intercession and protection, the recipient of offerings and sacrifices, and the focus of oracular consultation at a shrine-house (per Ibn al-Kalbī's summary). The dramatic episode in Ibn al-Kalbī in which a woman appears to defend the sacred trees frames a human-like manifestation in that narrative, but beyond protective intercession and oracular function no wider supernatural powers are preserved in the supplied material.