In Vedic and later Puranic genealogies cited in the sources, Budha is described as a son of the moon (Chandra) and Rohini (or Tara in variant accounts). Later mythic genealogies and epic/Puranic narratives place him in relationships such as husband of Ila and father of the king Pururavas. The sources also note narrative material (e.g., Tarakamaya War episodes in later mythic accounts) connected to events that lead to his birth in some traditions; these appearances situate Budha within the broader celestial family of Vedic and Puranic beings rather than as an independent invention.
Iconographic descriptions in the sourced material depict Budha as a benevolent male deity with a green complexion, draped in yellow garments, holding a scimitar, a club, and a shield. He is commonly shown riding a chariot drawn by eight yellow horses. Some illustrations show him with four arms, and a temple depiction cited in the sources portrays him riding a lion.
The sources describe Budha primarily through two registers: astronomical and astrological. Astronomically, classical Sanskrit works (including Aryabhatiya, Panca Siddhantika, Khandakhadyaka, Surya Siddhanta and others) record and model the planet Mercury's motions (sidereal revolutions, apogee, epicycles, nodal longitudes, orbital inclination) with variant numerical parameters across manuscript traditions. Astrologically, as one of the Navagraha he is considered benevolent and is associated with an agile mind and memory; he rules the nakshatras Ashlesha, Jyeshtha, and Revati and gives his name to Wednesday (Budhavara). The sources do not attribute specific malefic possession phenomena or discrete magical ‘powers’ beyond these astronomical and astrological functions.
Djinn
The class of supernatural beings created from smokeless fire in Islamic cosmology — a parallel civilization to humanity, capable of belief or unbelief, with their own prophets, society, and judgment before God.
Jann
The weakest class of djinn in Islamic tradition, associated with desert winds and taking the form of snakes or whirlwinds, dwelling in empty wilderness and posing little threat to those who know the proper invocations.
Shaitan
A class of corrupted djinn who follow Iblis and dedicate themselves to leading humans astray — distinct from Iblis himself, the Shayatin are a species of evil djinn who whisper doubts and temptations into the minds of the living.
*Péh₂usōn (reconstructed)
Péh₂usōn is a hypothetical Proto‑Indo‑European pastoral guardian reconstructed by comparative scholars from parallels in Greek and Vedic traditions. Proposed as a Graeco‑Aryan ancestor‑figure, the reconstruction describes a protector of flocks, roads, and travellers rather than an attested historical cultic personality.
Abhimanyu
Abhimanyu is a youthful Kuru/Pandava warrior-hero in the Sanskrit epic Mahābhārata. Son of Arjuna and Subhadra, he is famed for entering the Chakravyuha battle formation on the thirteenth day of the Kurukshetra War and dying at age sixteen; his posthumous son Parikshit continues the Kuru line.
Achyuta
Achyuta (Sanskrit: अच्युत, acyuta) is primarily an epithet/theonym in Vaishnava Hindu tradition applied to Vishnu and Krishna, signifying the divine quality of being 'not fallen' — immutable, infallible, and imperishable. It functions as a devotional name in scripture, liturgy, and Pancharatra lists of divine emanations rather than as an autonomous folkloric spirit.
Acintya
Acintya is an Indonesian Hindu theological-symbolic representation of the ineffable supreme divine principle. In Balinese and Javanese practice it functions as a way to make ultimate reality present in ritual and art—often aniconically as an empty throne (padmasana) or anthropomorphically as a naked, flame-surrounded figure—rather than as a narrative, intervening deity.
Adi (asura)
Adi is attested in modern reference works as the name of an Asura who 'appears in the Matsya Purāṇa.' Beyond this single-line citation in secondary sources, no descriptive material about the figure is provided in the supplied research notes.
Adi Shakti
Adi Shakti (also Adi Parashakti, Mahadevi, Adya Shakti) is the primordial feminine power in Hindu/Shakta theology, regarded as the ultimate reality (Para Brahman) and the source from which all goddesses and gods manifest. She is both an impersonal cosmic principle (Mulaprakriti) and a focus of devotional invocation in temples, mantras, and pilgrimage sites such as Shakti Peethas.
Adi Vinayaka
Adi Vinayaka (Ādi Vināyaka; also called Nara Mukha Vinayaka) is a named iconographic and devotional form of the Hindu god Ganesha portraying the deity with a human head, described in sources as the form before the episode of decapitation by Shiva. It is rarely worshipped and appears in a small number of South Indian shrines and in devotional/musical repertoires.
Aditi
Aditi is a major Vedic goddess in Hindu tradition who personifies the boundless, infinite cosmic principle and functions as the maternal matrix from which many celestial deities (the Ādityas and other groups) are born. In the Vedic hymns she is invoked as a protective liberator who guards petitioners, provides wealth and safety, and frees devotees from hindrances such as sin and sickness.
Agastya
Agastya (also Agathiyar/Agasti) is a revered Vedic and later-period Indian rishi (sage) figure credited in textual traditions as an inspired seer, ascetic, teacher, culture-founder, and attributed author of Vedic, Puranic and Tamil works; in South Indian tradition he is associated with origins of Tamil grammar and Siddha medicine and is identified astronomically with the star Canopus.
Aghasura
Aghasura is an asura from the Vaishnava/Hindu narrative tradition (notably the Srimad‑Bhāgavatam) who, at the command of Kamsa, assumed the form of a vast serpent to ambush Kṛṣṇa and the cowherd boys in Vṛndāvana. The episode demonstrates Kṛṣṇa’s protective, divine power as he enters and destroys the demon from within.
Agiya Baital
The fire-form of the Vetala — a cremation ground spirit of UP and Bihar that manifests as a wandering flame rather than a corpse-inhabitor, leading night travellers off roads and into marshland or flames with a dancing fire that seems always just ahead.
Agneya / Āgneyī
Āgneyī (feminine) or Āgneya (masculine adjective) is a Vedic–Puranic divine figure and ritual principle tied to the fire-god Agni and the southeastern direction. In textual traditions she appears both as a personified daughter/shakti of Agni and as an adjectival/technical term applied to fire-consecrated things (direction, astra, etc.). She also occurs as the name Agneya (or Anala) among items revealed in a Shaiva-Agamic list associated with the Aghora face of Sadashiva.
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- [1]Budha - Wikipedia. Wikipedia, article 'Budha'.wiki
- [2]Wikidata: Budha. Wikidata entry Q851426 for Budha.other
- [3]BP Lama Jyotishavidya — Budha main page. BP Lama (Jyotishavidya) commentary pages on Budha (modern/commentarial astrological material).other
- [4]BP Lama Jyotishavidya — Budha Vimshottari Mahadasha commentary. BP Lama (Jyotishavidya) commentary on Budha in Vimshottari dasha context (modern/commentarial astrological material).other
- [5]JyotishVidya — The Point of Deepest Fall (Budha). JyotishVidya notes on Budha's astrological positions and points of fall.other
- [6]Classical Sanskrit astronomical treatises (cited collectively). References to Budha's appearance in classical astronomical works such as Aryabhatiya, Romaka, Panca Siddhantika, Khandakhadyaka, Sisyadhivrddida, and Surya Siddhanta as recorded in secondary summaries.academic