Eir attests in Old Norse texts preserved in medieval Iceland. In the Prose Edda (Gylfaginning ch. 35) Snorri lists Eir among the ásynjur and comments that she is "an extremely good physician." In Skáldskaparmál (Prose Edda ch. 75) her name appears in a list of valkyrie names. In the Poetic Edda (Fjölsvinnsmál) she is one of the maidens attending Menglöð who "sit on the hill Lyfjaberg" (the "hill of healing"); there Svipdagr asks whether the maidens will give aid if blót (offerings) are made to them and the answer is affirmative. Modern scholars (e.g., Simek, Orchard, Lindow, Davidson) note the uncertain identity-unity of these occurrences and debate whether they describe a single goddess-figure, a valkyrie, or attendant/guardian spirits sharing a name.
No surviving medieval source provides a descriptive physical appearance or iconography for Eir. Her presence in texts is functional and classificatory—listed among ásynjur, in a valkyrie-name list, and as one of Menglöð's maidens—rather than pictorially described; therefore no specific dress, attributes, or bodily features are attested in the cited materials.
Primary attested ability is healing: Snorri explicitly calls Eir "an extremely good physician" (Gylfaginning ch. 35). In Fjölsvinnsmál she is one of the maidens associated with a healing place (Lyfjaberg) and, by context and scholarly commentary (Hilda Ellis Davidson), belongs to a group of guardian maidens who "shelter and save" those who make offerings. Her name is used in skaldic kennings as a poetic synonym for woman, indicating cultural association with valued female qualities. Some scholars note theoretical links between valkyrie functions (life-and-death agency) and healing, but such links are interpretive rather than explicit in the primary attestations.
Weaknesses
- othernone attested
Wards
- ritualmake offerings (blót) to the maidens of Lyfjaberg
Adils
Adils (Old Norse Aðils; also Eadgils, Adillus, Athisl, Adhel) is a semi‑legendary sixth‑century Swedish king attested in Old Norse saga material and later medieval traditions. He appears in saga episodes as a storied royal figure involved in warfare, court acts, and marriage suits rather than as a supernatural being.
Agilaz (Egil)
Agilaz (reconstructed Proto-Germanic) — commonly recorded in medieval sources as Egil or Ægil — is a legendary archer attested in Germanic heroic tradition. He appears as the brother of Völund (Wayland/Weland) in the Old Norse poem Völundarkviða and in the Thidreks saga, and his name is also inscribed on early medieval objects (Franks Casket, Pforzen buckle). The attested material presents him as a named heroic human archer within saga and inscriptional contexts rather than as a recurrent supernatural species.
Agnarr Geirröðsson
Agnarr Geirröðsson is a mortal prince attested only in the Poetic Edda poem Grímnismál; he aids Odin (disguised as Grímnir) during Geirröðr's torture and, after Odin reveals himself and King Geirröðr dies, Agnarr succeeds as king.
Agne
Agne (also attested Agni, Hogne, Agni Skjálfarbondi) is a semi-legendary king of Sweden in Old Norse saga tradition, preserved in the Ynglingatal corpus and prose expansions such as Snorri Sturluson's Ynglinga saga. He is portrayed as a mighty and famous warrior-king whose campaign in Finland, marriage to Skjalf, and death by hanging form a remembered episode connected to local place-names and a burial mound.
Alf and Alfhild
Alf and Alfhild are legendary human figures from Old Norse/early Scandinavian narrative tradition preserved principally in Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. The tale presents Alf as a Danish prince and Alfhild as a Geatish princess who becomes a shieldmaiden and leader of a fleet of female raiders; their story includes combat, recognition, marriage, and later dynastic conflict.
Algaut
Algaut (also rendered Algöt or Algaut Gautreksson) is a semi-legendary Geatish king of West Götaland recorded in Scandinavian saga and genealogical tradition. Saga summaries (via Snorri Sturluson's Heimskringla as reported in later compilations) record that he was the father of Gauthild and was burnt to death by his son-in-law, the Swedish king Ingjald Ill-ruler.
Almáttki áss
Almáttki áss is an epithet-attested divine figure invoked in an Icelandic legal oath recorded in Landnámabók (Hauksbók 268). In the sole attestation the phrase functions as an invoked áss (god) described with the adjective almáttki ('almighty') and serves as the divine guarantor or witness for an oath sworn on a temple ring. Scholarly sources debate whether the epithet refers to a named Norse god (Thor, Ullr, Odin, or Týr) or is a Christianizing formulation by a later author.
Alrek and Eirík
Alrek and Eirík (also rendered Alaric and Eric) are legendary Swedish kings from the Old Norse saga tradition who are presented as joint rulers and as members of the Ynglinga royal genealogies. They appear in saga narratives as sons and heirs of King Agni, famed for martial and athletic prowess, and as hosts who receive the hero Starkaðr after the sacrificial death of Vikar.
Alvaldi
Alvaldi (Old Norse: Alvaldi / Ölvaldi) is a jötunn in Norse mythic genealogies, attested chiefly as the father of the notable jötunn Þjazi and described in one source as exceedingly rich in gold. He survives in the record mainly as a familial antecedent and an etiological figure rather than as an active participant in preserved narratives.
Alvíss
Alvíss (Old Norse: 'All‑Wise') is a dwarf in Norse mythology who appears in the Poetic Edda poem Alvíssmál as a prospective husband for Thor's daughter Þrúðr. In the surviving narrative Thor tests Alvíss's wisdom through a lengthy question-and-answer session that lasts until sunrise, whereupon the dwarf is petrified by exposure to sunlight.
Amleth
Amleth (Old Norse: Amlóði; Latinized Amlethus) is a legendary medieval Scandinavian prince and saga-hero best known from Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum. He is a human protagonist whose story centers on feigned madness, cunning survival, exile to Britain, marriage, wealth-gathering, and eventual vengeance against his father's murderer; the tale later inspired the character of Shakespeare's Hamlet and numerous adaptations.
Ancient Kings of Finland
In early literary sources, the Ancient Kings of Finland are described as hypothetical or mythical monarchic systems associated with ancient Finland. (Note: 1. Power tier: Lower to Primordial (given the lack of specific abilities and behaviors) 2. Abilities and behaviors are described as 'generally vague', so this section should be reworded or removed 3. )
Community Record
- [1]Eir (Wikipedia summary from provided notes). Wikipedia: Eir (summary of primary attestations and scholarship)wiki
- [2]Poetic Edda: Fjölsvinnsmál (attestation of maidens on Lyfjaberg). Poetic Edda, Fjölsvinnsmál (listed among maidens attending Menglöð on Lyfjaberg)literary
- [3]Prose Edda: Gylfaginning ch. 35 (listing among ásynjur; 'extremely good physician'). Prose Edda, Gylfaginning ch. 35 (Snorri's enumeration of ásynjur; Eir described as an excellent physician)literary
- [4]Prose Edda: Skáldskaparmál ch. 75 (valkyrie-name list). Prose Edda, Skáldskaparmál ch. 75 (Eir appears in a list of valkyrie names)literary
- [5]Skaldic poetry and Bergen runic inscription (~1300). Skaldic verses and a Bergen runic-stick inscription c.1300 show use of Eir as a personal/name element and in kennings for womenliterary
- [6]Hilda Ellis Davidson (scholarly commentary). Hilda Ellis Davidson: commentary on healing goddesses and interpretation of Menglöð's maidens as guardian spirits who 'shelter and save' those who make offeringsacademic
- [7]Andy Orchard; John Lindow; Rudolf Simek; Henry Adams Bellows (scholarly notes summarized). Modern scholarly observations: Orchard on valkyrie/etymology and theoretical links; Lindow skeptical of a distinct goddess; Simek suggests valkyrie origin; Bellows compares Eir to Hygieia—these are interpretive scholarly positions summarized in the provided material.academic
