Elegast

In the Middle Dutch poem Karel ende Elegast, Elegast appears as an outcast vassal of Charlemagne who has been banished to the forest and lives by thievery; the narrative frames him within older Germanic mythic space. His name is interpreted by scholars as deriving from Common Germanic *albi-gastiz ('elf-guest'), a compound that marks him as an otherworldly guest/outsider in the vernacular mythic imagination. The poem stages Elegast as a liminal figure who bridges pre‑Christian forest lore and the Christian court: he aids Charlemagne (who meets him in disguise), refuses to steal from the king, uncovers treachery, duels a courtier, and is restored to favor, thereby integrating the outsider into the social order.

The poem presents Elegast chiefly as a forest‑dweller who can appear in courtly guise: he is depicted riding as a knight on a black horse and also as an outlaw living in the woods near Charlemagne's castle in Ingelheim. The supplied sources do not give detailed physical descriptions (facial features, stature, clothing beyond his knightly/armored presentation in certain scenes). Some related Low German and northern traditions identify a figure named Elbegast as a dwarf‑type being, but within the primary Middle Dutch material Elegast appears in both knightly and outlaw modes without a precise anthropometric portrayal.

Explicit magical capacities in the poem include the ability to put people to sleep by magic, to open locks without keys, and possession of a magic herb which, when placed in his mouth, allows him to speak with animals. Behaviorally he is characterized as a thief who steals from the rich and is kind to the poor (a 'noble robber'), as well as loyal to Charlemagne despite his outlaw status. In the narrative he uses theft and burglary to uncover and expose a plot against the king, and he fights and defeats the conspirator Eggeric, actions that restore his honor and social standing.